- Picture Instruments Present Converter Pro 1 0 8 Inches To Centimeters
- Picture Instruments Present Converter Pro 1 0 8 Inches As A Fraction
The instructions on this page pertain to figures included in the main article, except where otherwise noted.
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The more closely your figures adhere to these specifications at submission, the fewer times you will need to revise your manuscript to meet the requirements. Your figures will therefore be less likely to slow down publication of your accepted manuscript.
Figures as Supporting Information
Supporting information is auxiliary to the main content of the article. Supporting information figures are held to the requirements of all supporting information files. They have fewer requirements than figures that are included in the main article, and they need to be uploaded separately.
For full instructions, follow the supporting information guidelines.
Figure Preparation Checklist
- Read our figure policies on depictions of humans, and licenses and copyright.
- Read our figure preparation guidelines, and our requirements for reporting blot and gel data (as relevant).
- Read the figure file requirementsfor the full list of technical specifications, and ensure your figures comply.
- Read how to format and submit your figures and captions for peer review.
- Use PACEbefore submitting to check your figures and convert to our accepted formats.
Blot and Gel Reporting Requirements
The following requirements apply to any figures and supporting Information files that report blot or gel data. The underlying data requirement is in place to ensure that the results are reported in a fully transparent manner, and that readers can verify results by reviewing the primary data in its original form. The original images also provide additional information for readers about background within the experiment and the specificity of reagents used. The figure preparation guidelines that follow clarify PLOS ONE standards and requirements, and aim to ensure the integrity and scientific validity of blot/gel data reporting. If you have questions about these requirements please email us at plosone@plos.org.
Original images for blots and gels
For manuscripts submitted on or after July 1 2019, authors must provide the original, uncropped and minimally adjusted images supporting all blot and gel results reported in an article's figures and supporting information files. Whilst it is not necessary to provide original images at time of initial submission, we will require these files during the peer review process or before a manuscript can be accepted.
Please follow these instructions when preparing and submitting blot/gel data files:
- Please create a single PDF file that contains all the original blot and gel images contained in the manuscript's main figures and supplemental figures. We recommend using image software (e.g. Gimp, Photoshop) to compile and annotate the original images and then exporting/saving as a tiff file with LZW compression. You could also use a PDF program to build a single PDF compiled from multiple annotated jpeg/tiff image files. We do not recommend compiling the images in Powerpoint as resolution can be lost.
- The file should be named ‘S1_raw_images' and uploaded as a Supporting Information file or deposited at a suitable publicly-available data repository, with the dataset identifier (DOI or other form of persistent identifier) provided in the Data Availability Statement.
- Authors should label each raw blot or gel image to clearly annotate the loading order, identity of experimental samples, method used to capture the image, and to specify which figure panel was generated from that original image. Molecular weight markers should be included or indicated on the raw image, and any lanes not included in the final figure should be marked with an 'X' above the lane label on the original blot/gel image. All labeling and annotation should be performed without obscuring any data or background bands.
- Please note, there is a 20 MB maximum file size. If your PDF size is larger, please use a suitable repository or discuss with the journal staff.
If any concerns arise about the availability of the original blot or gel images or compliance with the figure preparation guidelines (see below), the submission will be placed on hold while this is resolved. A manuscript must comply with the above requirements, and the guidelines below, in order to be published. If concerns are noted after publication, journal staff will follow up with authors and correct the literature as needed.
Reporting blot and gel results
Authors must comply with the following guidelines when preparing figures that report results from blots (including, but not limited to, western blots) and electrophoretic gels:
- In accordance with our Policy on Figure Preparation, the images should not be adjusted in any way that could affect the scientific information displayed. The background and contrast should not be modified to notably alter the visibility of data, background, or non-specific bands. Any adjustments to improve visibility of the data must be consistently applied to the entire image.
- Images in figures should not be overcropped around the bands of interest. Figure panels should include some background area above and below bands. Any non-specific bands from the original image should be included in the figure and explained in the text or figure legend.
- When a comparative analysis amongst bands is performed, all relevant samples should be run on the same gel/blot.
- Each figure should include all relevant controls, and when relevant, control samples should be run on the same blot or gel as the experimental samples.
- A figure panel should not include composite images of bands originating from different blots, exposures, or gels. If data from multiple blot or gel images are needed to illustrate the results, the different images should not be spliced together; they should be clearly distinguished as separate panels within the figure and the legend should note that they represent different gels, blots, or exposures.
- If lanes from a single blot/gel image have been rearranged in preparing a figure, image splicing should be clearly denoted by vertical black lines on the figure and the figure legend should provide details of how the figure was made. This would be appropriate, for example, if fragments of the same original image were spliced together to re-order lanes or to remove irrelevant lanes.
- Please also see our guidelines on Preparing Figures from Image Files for further details.
Preparing Figures From Image Files
The following guidelines aim to help authors prepare high quality figures and avoid common errors that result from inappropriate image manipulation. In preparing figures, image files should not be manipulated or adjusted in any way that could lead to misinterpretation of the information present in the original image.
Please read our requirements for reporting blot and gel data and uploading original image files. Additionally, if further analysis is needed, please be aware that we may also require you to supply us with your original photographic images in the original file format and at the resolution at which they were first created.
Avoiding inappropriate image manipulation
We realize that the extent to which figures can be changed as part of normal preparation can pose a dilemma. Please refer to the general guidance below on aspects to consider when preparing your figures. If evidence is found of inappropriate manipulation, we reserve the right to ask for original data and, if that is not satisfactory, we may decide not to accept the manuscript, and may also contact the authors' institutions to ask them to assist with investigation.
For further information, image examples, and more detailed guidance we advise reading What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation (reprinted in the Journal of Cell Biology, 2004;166(1):11-15).
We are grateful to staff at the Journal of Cell Biology (Rockefeller University Press) for their help in establishing these guidelines and procedures.
Common issues to avoid
The following examples are all considered to be unacceptable image manipulation:
- The introduction, enhancement, movement, or removal of specific feature(s) within an image
EXAMPLES: See Figures 1 and 5 of What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation.
- Unmarked grouping of images that should otherwise have been presented separately (for example, from different parts of the same gel, or from different gels, fields, or exposures)
EXAMPLE: See Figure 6 of What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation.
- Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance that obscure, eliminate, or misrepresent any information, including non-specific signal or background details
Additional information:
- Spliced gels need a thin dividing line added to indicate the alteration. It is fine to remove a complete lane and splice the remaining lanes together, provided the spliced fragments originate from the same original image. In such cases, the alteration must be indicated in the figure by a thin white or black line between the juxtaposed pieces and must be described in the figure legend.
- Images must contain the background 'noise' they originally contained. The background should not appear as one uniform color. Do not 'clean up' the background of images with rubberstamp or 'wipe' tools to improve the aesthetic appearance, or over-adjust the brightness or contrast so that the background is removed.
Creating high-quality images
Poor-quality images may raise figure manipulation queries and/or result in requests to remake figures. Follow these tips for creating high-quality images:
- Ensure that your images have a resolution of at least 300 pixels per inch (ppi) and appear sharp, not pixelated.
- Be careful not to inadvertently reduce the resolution when creating a file in graphics editing software
Figure File Requirements
The list below is an abbreviated summary of the figure specifications. Read the full details of the requirements in the corresponding sections on this page.
TIFF or EPS Kingdom rush hd 2 1. |
Width: 789 – 2250 pixels (at 300 dpi). Height maximum: 2625 pixels (at 300 dpi). |
| 300 – 600 dpi |
<10 MB |
Arial, Times, or Symbol font only in 8-12 point |
Fig1.tif, Fig2.eps, and so on. Match file name to caption label and citation. |
In the manuscript, not in the figure file. |
File Format | TIFF or EPS only. Should I choose TIFF or EPS? TIFF tends to be easier to work with than EPS. EPS files often have missing/corrupted fonts, oversized masks, stray points, and boxes, which can result in errors and poor output. | ||
Dimensions | Centimeters | Inches | Pixels at 300 dpi |
Minimum width | 6.68 | 2.63 | 789 |
Maximum width | 19.05 | 7.5 | 2250 |
Height maximum At the height maximum, the figure occupies the whole page and excludes the caption | 22.23 | 8.75 | 2625 |
'Dimensions' refers to the dimensions of the entire figure, excluding any white space. The closer figures match these dimensions, the closer they will meet expectations on publication. TIPS
| |||
Resolution | Submit figures at the desired dimensions with a resolution no greater than 300-600 dpi.
| ||
File Size | Bettertouchtool 2 318 – customize multi touch trackpad gestures copy. Submit files at a size of 10 MB or less. Use the PACE tool for help resizing. If you elect not to use PACE, follow the instructions below to manually resize TIFF or EPS files. Reducing TIFF file size
Reducing EPS file size
| ||
Text within Figures | Use only Arial, Times, or Symbol font in 8-12 point. Do not include author names, article title, or figure number/title/caption within figure files. That information will go into your figure caption in the manuscript. Read more about submitting captions. Text within EPS figures Embed fonts, or convert them to outlines to prevent missing or improperly rendered text. In those files that are created in software like Matlab, open Illustrator or Inkscape and convert text to outlines. You will not be able to change your text after it has been converted to outlines. Instructions for Illustrator 1. Select all (Ctrl + A) Instructions for Inkscape 1. Select all (Ctrl + A) | ||
Multi-panel Figures | Place all panels from a multi-part figure into a single page and single file:
To create a multi-panel figure from individual files, use a presentation program such as OpenOffice Impress, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Keynote for Mac. Then convert to TIFF.
Please see the guidance on 'Preparing Figures from Image Files' and our policy on reporting blot and gel data and uploading original image files. | ||
Color Mode | RGB (8 bit/channel) or grayscale only. | ||
White Space | A 2-point white space border around each figure is recommended to prevent inadvertent cropping of content at layout. Crop out excess white space around image content. | ||
Orientation | Rotate and submit the figure in the orientation that you wish it to publish. Figures will be inserted into the typeset article in the orientation in which they are supplied. For example, if a vertical image is submitted in a horizontal orientation, it will be set horizontally in the article. |
Additional Requirements for TIFF
Layers | Flattened, with no layers. Figures with a single layer named 'layer 1' or 'layer 0' are in fact layered. |
Alpha Channels | No alpha channels. |
Compression | LZW compression is required. To apply:
|
Pages | We cannot publish TIFF figures that span multiple pages. To combine multiple figures onto a single page, see Multi-panel Figures. |
How to Submit Figures and Captions
Your figures contain three elements: figure files, captions, and in-text citations.
When naming your figures, match the figure file name and the caption label with the corresponding in-text citations in the manuscript. Example: a figure file named 'Fig1.tif' should match the citation 'Fig 1' and the figure label 'Fig 1.' in the caption.
Figure files |
If at any point you change the numbering order of your figures, be sure to update all figure citations, captions, and file names accordingly. |
Captions |
Label. Name figure labels using Arabic numerals, and abbreviate the word 'Figure' to 'Fig' (e.g., Fig 1, Fig 2, Fig 3, etc.). Title. The title should be concise and descriptive. Restrict it to 15 words or less. Legend. Place the legend directly after the title of the figure to which it belongs. Place any figure credits in the last sentence of the legend. Caption credit: Means JC, Venkatesan A, Gerdes B, Fan J-Y, Bjes ES, Price JL (2015) Drosophila Spaghetti and Doubletime Link the Circadian Clock and Light to Caspases, Apoptosis and Tauopathy. PLoS Genet 11(5): e1005171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005171
|
In-text citations |
|
Figure File Requirements
The list below is an abbreviated summary of the figure specifications. Read the full details of the requirements in the corresponding sections on this page.
TIFF or EPS Kingdom rush hd 2 1. |
Width: 789 – 2250 pixels (at 300 dpi). Height maximum: 2625 pixels (at 300 dpi). |
| 300 – 600 dpi |
<10 MB |
Arial, Times, or Symbol font only in 8-12 point |
Fig1.tif, Fig2.eps, and so on. Match file name to caption label and citation. |
In the manuscript, not in the figure file. |
File Format | TIFF or EPS only. Should I choose TIFF or EPS? TIFF tends to be easier to work with than EPS. EPS files often have missing/corrupted fonts, oversized masks, stray points, and boxes, which can result in errors and poor output. | ||
Dimensions | Centimeters | Inches | Pixels at 300 dpi |
Minimum width | 6.68 | 2.63 | 789 |
Maximum width | 19.05 | 7.5 | 2250 |
Height maximum At the height maximum, the figure occupies the whole page and excludes the caption | 22.23 | 8.75 | 2625 |
'Dimensions' refers to the dimensions of the entire figure, excluding any white space. The closer figures match these dimensions, the closer they will meet expectations on publication. TIPS
| |||
Resolution | Submit figures at the desired dimensions with a resolution no greater than 300-600 dpi.
| ||
File Size | Bettertouchtool 2 318 – customize multi touch trackpad gestures copy. Submit files at a size of 10 MB or less. Use the PACE tool for help resizing. If you elect not to use PACE, follow the instructions below to manually resize TIFF or EPS files. Reducing TIFF file size
Reducing EPS file size
| ||
Text within Figures | Use only Arial, Times, or Symbol font in 8-12 point. Do not include author names, article title, or figure number/title/caption within figure files. That information will go into your figure caption in the manuscript. Read more about submitting captions. Text within EPS figures Embed fonts, or convert them to outlines to prevent missing or improperly rendered text. In those files that are created in software like Matlab, open Illustrator or Inkscape and convert text to outlines. You will not be able to change your text after it has been converted to outlines. Instructions for Illustrator 1. Select all (Ctrl + A) Instructions for Inkscape 1. Select all (Ctrl + A) | ||
Multi-panel Figures | Place all panels from a multi-part figure into a single page and single file:
To create a multi-panel figure from individual files, use a presentation program such as OpenOffice Impress, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Keynote for Mac. Then convert to TIFF.
Please see the guidance on 'Preparing Figures from Image Files' and our policy on reporting blot and gel data and uploading original image files. | ||
Color Mode | RGB (8 bit/channel) or grayscale only. | ||
White Space | A 2-point white space border around each figure is recommended to prevent inadvertent cropping of content at layout. Crop out excess white space around image content. | ||
Orientation | Rotate and submit the figure in the orientation that you wish it to publish. Figures will be inserted into the typeset article in the orientation in which they are supplied. For example, if a vertical image is submitted in a horizontal orientation, it will be set horizontally in the article. |
Additional Requirements for TIFF
Layers | Flattened, with no layers. Figures with a single layer named 'layer 1' or 'layer 0' are in fact layered. |
Alpha Channels | No alpha channels. |
Compression | LZW compression is required. To apply:
|
Pages | We cannot publish TIFF figures that span multiple pages. To combine multiple figures onto a single page, see Multi-panel Figures. |
How to Submit Figures and Captions
Your figures contain three elements: figure files, captions, and in-text citations.
When naming your figures, match the figure file name and the caption label with the corresponding in-text citations in the manuscript. Example: a figure file named 'Fig1.tif' should match the citation 'Fig 1' and the figure label 'Fig 1.' in the caption.
Figure files |
If at any point you change the numbering order of your figures, be sure to update all figure citations, captions, and file names accordingly. |
Captions |
Label. Name figure labels using Arabic numerals, and abbreviate the word 'Figure' to 'Fig' (e.g., Fig 1, Fig 2, Fig 3, etc.). Title. The title should be concise and descriptive. Restrict it to 15 words or less. Legend. Place the legend directly after the title of the figure to which it belongs. Place any figure credits in the last sentence of the legend. Caption credit: Means JC, Venkatesan A, Gerdes B, Fan J-Y, Bjes ES, Price JL (2015) Drosophila Spaghetti and Doubletime Link the Circadian Clock and Light to Caspases, Apoptosis and Tauopathy. PLoS Genet 11(5): e1005171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005171
|
In-text citations |
|
Please refer to our downloadable sample manuscript (PDF) to ensure that your figure captions, citations, and file names meet our formatting requirements.
Tools for Figure Preparation
Automated figure assessment
PLOS provides a free, simple-to-use tool called PACE to help you review and prepare your figures for submission and achieve high publication quality figure presentation.
PACE will assess whether your figures meet our technical requirements by comparing each figure against our figure specifications (see Figure File Requirements). The tool can also convert figures to TIFF format, resize, and rename figures to our file naming conventions. In cases where PACE cannot process your figure file, the tool will provide you with a report of what it could not fix. Please note that figures must be captured between 300 and 600 dpi in order for PACE to successfully process your figures.
Parallels desktop business edition 15 1 2 cr2. NOTE: Supporting Information figures should not be processed through PACE.
Please review your figures after PACE's assessment to ensure that they adhere to journal figure guidelines and that they are not blurry or difficult to read.
To use PACE, first register as a user.
Go to PACE now.
Software
If you prefer to assemble figures with vector graphics, we recommend that you use Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape (free). These figures must be exported to EPS format per our requirements.
If you prefer to use raster graphics, the following free programs can both manipulate and export TIFF files:
LaTeX
PLOS does not accept vector EPS figures generated in LaTeX. Submit TIFF or EPS figures created in standard software. Read about other software options.
Converting LaTeX-generated EPS figures to TIFF
- Compile the LaTeX files into a PDF.
- Open the PDF in Photoshop, GIMP, or another graphics program that enables TIFF.
- Crop out the figure and export as TIFF.
Creating Source Images with Specialized Software
SigmaPlot
Creating a PLOS compatible graph
- First create your graph, and save it in SigmaPlot format.
- From the Tools menu select Options. In the dialogue box that appears, click on the Page tab. Set the Units to Millimeters (mm) and make sure the Graph Objects → Resize with Graph option is not ticked. Click OK.
- From the file menu select Page Setup. In the dialogue box that appears, click on the Margins tab. Set all the margins to 0.0 mm, then click Apply.
- Now click on the Page Size tab. Set the Width to 190.5 mm (or 132.0 mm for text column width) and the Height to 222.3 mm. Click OK.
- Set the font size of all text to 8 pt, and the width of all lines to 0.2 mm. (Consult the SigmaPlot Help files for more details, if needed.)
- Resize your graph to fit within and make full use of the page width available.
Saving an image in PDF format
This is the preferred output format when using SigmaPlot. To make sure your image is saved in a compatible format, perform the following steps.
- From the File menu in SigmaPlot, select Print. In the Print dialogue box that appears, select Adobe PDF as the printer. Click on Properties.
- Change the Default Settings pull-down to Press Quality. Uncheck the View Adobe PDF results box if you don't want Acrobat to launch.
- Click OK, then click OK. Pick where the PDF will be created, and click Save.
- Lastly, open the PDF in one of the following three programs to save the file in TIFF format: PACE, Photoshop, or GIMP.
RStudio
Export figures from RStudio in EPS format. If you prefer to submit a TIFF file, use PACEto do the conversion and achieve a resolution of 300dpi. TIFF files exported directly from RStudio will only achieve a resolution of 72dpi.
- Image format: EPS
- Width: 789 pixels at minimum
- Check 'Maintain aspect ratio'
- Submit in EPS format, or use PACE to convert to TIFF
The table below provides the export settings and instructions for authors that choose to create TIFF source images with the software indicated.
| Software | Settings and Instructions |
|---|---|
Matlab | Knowing the target size of your image in inches and dpi, first convert the number of rows and columns in the image. 4.86 inches by 9.19 inches (a 1.5 column figure at maximum height) at 300 dpi corresponds to 1458 pixels by 2757 pixels. Modify your image to be 1485 by 2757. (Resize it, crop it, compute it differently, etc.) Then save your 1458 by 2757 image as a TIFF file, specifying 300 as the resolution. imwrite(my_image, ‘figure_10.tif', ‘Resolution', 300); function write Fig 300 dpi (figNo, fileName) |
Prism | Export your graph with the following settings: File format: TIFF |
Stata | Stata does everything at screen resolution (72 dpi). If you want to have a panel that is half page width, export the image at 39.52 cm. For full page width, export at 79.25 cm. |
ChemDraw | Export to SVG (Windows Version only). The SVG format, like a PDF or EPS, is a vector based graphic format. GIMP and Photoshop will treat it in the same way as they would a PDF. Use Photoshop or GIMP to edit your figure. |
PyMol | To get a 300 dpi PNG file for a 4.92 inch by 9.25 inch image, use the following settings. Ray-traced: OpenGL: |
SPSS | Export a PDF, then bring that PDF into Photoshop or GIMP. |
GeneSpring | Export as Image. Unit: cm. Print Width: 19.05, Lock Aspect Ratio, Image Resolution (in dpi): 600. |
Minitab | 'Save Graph As' with the following settings: Save as Type: TIF |
Maps
PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to all the works we publish. Read about our licenses and copyright policy for figures.
When creating a figure that includes a map, be sure to check the usage rights. Several sites provide maps that are compatible with CC BY licensing, including:
- USGS: all USGS maps are in the public domain
- SEDAC: many maps from SEDAC are available under an Open Access license
- World of Maps: may include maps in the public domain
OpenStreetMap provides Open Access geodata only. Maps rendered using OpenStreetMap are not available under a license compatible with CC BY licensing and cannot be published in PLOS.
If you use geodata from OpenStreetMap, be sure to render your own map to display the data, or use a map from a third party with a compatible license. Various tools are available online for rendering maps using OpenStreetMap data. Free tools include Maperitive.
PLOS neither endorses nor takes responsibility for the maps or geodata from the above sites.
Policies
All figures must comply with PLOS policies covering depictions of humans, and licenses and copyright.
Depictions of humans
Authors submitting manuscripts that include identifying or potentially identifying information must comply with our requirements for informed consent.
Identifying information includes, but is not limited to:
- photographs
- radiographs
- pedigrees (family trees)
- geospatial maps that can identify a specific location such as a house.
Picture Instruments Present Converter Pro 1 0 8 Inches To Centimeters
Read our guidelines for documenting informed consent. If you require further information, please contact the journal before submitting.
Picture Instruments Present Converter Pro 1 0 8 Inches As A Fraction
Licenses and copyright
Figures, tables, and images are published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
Do not submit any figures, photos, tables, or other works that have been previously copyrighted or that contain proprietary data unless you have and can supply written permission from the copyright holder to use that content.
This includes:
- maps and satellite images
- slogans and logos
- social media content.
Read the full licenses and copyright policy.
Contact
If you still have questions about how to prepare your figures, please contact figures@plos.org for assistance.
